Modern approaches to social psychology, however, take both the situation and the individual into account when studying human behavior (Fiske, Gilbert, & Lindzey, 2010). Social psychologists have tended to take the situationist perspective, whereas personality psychologists have promoted the dispositionist perspective. An internal factor is an attribute of a person and includes personality traits and temperament. In contrast, dispositionism holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors (Heider, 1958). Subfields of psychology tend to focus on one influence or behavior over others. Situationism is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. SITUATIONAL AND DISPOSITIONAL INFLUENCES ON BEHAVIORīehavior is a product of both the situation (e.g., cultural influences, social roles, and the presence of bystanders) and of the person (e.g., personality characteristics). Social factors can determine whether human behavior tends toward conflict or harmony. This chapter explores how the presence of other people influences the behavior of individuals, dyads, and groups. For example, after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, people rallied together and charitable donations skyrocket (Brown & Minty, 2006). In spite of conflicts such as these, people also to work together to create positive change. Some media coverage was criticized for inflaming racial politics in their coverage. Zimmerman, who has a Peruvian mother and a German father, was accused of being racist. Several groups protested what they deemed racial profiling and brutality against an unarmed Black male. A Florida jury found Zimmerman not guilty of second degree murder nor of manslaughter. Zimmerman claimed that he acted in self-defense Martin was unarmed. A physical altercation ended with Zimmerman fatally shooting Martin. Zimmerman grew suspicious of the boy dressed in a hoodie and pursued Martin. A poignant example is that of Trayvon Martin, a 17-year-old African American who was shot by a neighborhood watch volunteer, George Zimmerman, in a predominantly White neighborhood in 2012. Humans are diverse, and sometimes our differences make it challenging for us to get along with one another. (credit “signs”: modification of work by David Shankbone credit “walk”: modification of work by “Fibonacci Blue”/Flickr) Was his death the result of self-defense or racial bias? That question drew hundreds of people to rally on each side of this heated debate. Trayvon Martin, 17, was shot to death at the hands of George Zimmerman, a volunteer neighborhood watchman, in 2012.
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